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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lam | om kalaskə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lat | ot kalaskə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑leš | ok/ogeš kalaskə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑na | ona/ogə̑na kalaskə̑l |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑da | oda/ogə̑da kalaskə̑l |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑t | ogə̑t kalaskə̑l |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑l'ə̑m | šə̑m kalaskə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑l'ə̑č́ | šə̑č́ kalaskə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑l'e | ə̑š kalaskə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lna | ə̑šna kalaskə̑l |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lda | ə̑šda kalaskə̑l |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑l'ə̑č́ | ə̑št kalaskə̑l |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑nam | kalaskə̑lə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑nat | kalaskə̑lə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑n | kalaskə̑lə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nna | kalaskə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nda | kalaskə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nə̑t | kalaskə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lam ə̑l'e | om kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lat ə̑l'e | ot kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑leš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lam ulmaš | om kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lat ulmaš | ot kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑leš ulmaš | ok/ogeš kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑nam ə̑l'e | kalaskə̑lə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑nat ə̑l'e | kalaskə̑lə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑n ə̑l'e | kalaskə̑lə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nna ə̑l'e | kalaskə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nda ə̑l'e | kalaskə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | kalaskə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑nam ulmaš | kalaskə̑lə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑nat ulmaš | kalaskə̑lə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lə̑n ulmaš | kalaskə̑lə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nna ulmaš | kalaskə̑lə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nda ulmaš | kalaskə̑lə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑nə̑t ulmaš | kalaskə̑lə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑l | it kalaskə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lže | ə̑nže kalaskə̑l |
| 1PL: | (kalaskə̑lə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na kalaskə̑l) |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lza | ida kalaskə̑l |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lə̑št | ə̑nə̑št kalaskə̑l |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lnem | ə̑nem kalaskə̑l |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lnet | ə̑net kalaskə̑l |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lneže | ə̑než kalaskə̑l |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lnena | ə̑nena kalaskə̑l |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lneda | ə̑neda kalaskə̑l |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lnešt | ə̑nešt kalaskə̑l |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kalaskə̑lnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | kalaskə̑lnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt kalaskə̑l ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kalaskə̑lnet ulmaš | ə̑net kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | kalaskə̑lneže ulmaš | ə̑než kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kalaskə̑lneda ulmaš | ə̑neda kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
| 3PL: | kalaskə̑lnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt kalaskə̑l ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kalaskə̑laš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kalaskə̑lman |
| Active participle: | kalaskə̑lše |
| Passive participle: | kalaskə̑lme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kalaskə̑lšaš |
| Negative participle: | kalaskə̑ldə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kalaskə̑lə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | kalaskə̑lde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kalaskə̑lmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kalaskə̑lmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kalaskə̑lšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | kalaskə̑lmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | kalaskə̑ldə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||